How to Make a Waterfall Firework

A waterfall firework produces a long-lasting shower of glittering sparks, like a fiery waterfall. Here are instructions for making a waterfall firework yourself. This is a bright firework, intended to produce sparks that fall 20-30 feet. The waterfall may be suspended in the air or over a drop, as from a bridge. Waterfall Firework Mixture Potassium perchlorateMixture of 50-100 mesh aluminum and titanium and 300-400 mesh aluminum10% dextrin in water Prepare the Firework Mix together equal parts of potassium perchlorate and the metals with enough dextrin solution that you can pack the mixture.Press the composition into paper tubes approximately 8-1/2 inches x 5/8 inches (internal diameter). You can make the tubes using rolled regular paper, secured on the ends and middle with masking tape. Leave 1/2 inch open at the end of the tube for your ignition mixture.Combine equal amounts of waterfall firework mixture with gunpowder to make an ignition mixture. Pack ignition mixture and a fuse into the last 1/2 inch of the paper tube.Let the firework dry for a day or longer.Suspend a series of the waterfall tubes 20-30 feet in the air, using wire. Link the tubes together using quickmatch.When its time, light the quickmatch and enjoy the show! Waterfall Firework Safety Be sure the wire used to attach the firework to the supporting structure can withstand the heat of the firework. The burning metal produced by the firework will ignite any grass or brush underneath, so be sure to light this firework over a clean, fireproof area. Expect the sparks to be very hot, so let them burn out on their own. Dont attempt to stamp them out. Reference: Kurt Schumacher, pyrocreations.com Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Gay Couples Adopting - 1042 Words

Homosexuals must be allowed to adopt children just like any other couple who want to do the same thing. A child needs love, respect and a home in which they can assure themselves that there will be someone there to care for them. As in the example, there is no need for a dad and a mom who will always be arguing about the shared custody. Just because their parents are homosexuals does not mean that the child will grow up to be the same. Everyone is different and will grow up to be what they want to be. Children don’t always come out exactly like their parents. These children aren’t any different. They will grow up to think for themselves and decide their own sexuality. There are many people who oppose gay couples being allowed to raise†¦show more content†¦Tim Pope said, Homosexual people are unstable in their lifestyle-period. It is said that there is no real evidence supporting the fact that homosexuals are not able to provide a stable home. I would like to conclude my speech on the general purpose. Next I would like to talk about the anti-homosexual adoption side of the debate. First I will restate the cons of the situation. The Child Welfare League of America says that every time a group was introduced to be able to adopt, there was controversy. The adoption family center says that there is no evidence to suggest that the children of lesbian and gay parents are less intelligent, suffer from more problems, are less popular, or have lower self-esteem than children of heterosexual parents. All of the research to date states that lesbians and gay men are not unfit to be parents. A homosexual relationship implies the exercise of illegal ac tivities, and no child should be permitted to enter that type of setting, he said. The fact of the matter is that good parenting does not dwell on the fact of sexual orientation but the fact of a loving and nurturing home. Homosexual relationships are said to last a shorter amount of time than heterosexual relationships. It is saidShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay About Gay Adoption1295 Words   |  6 PagesCorri Fairfull Discursive Essay-Gay Adoption Gay adoption is a subject which is widely debated. However over recent years gay adoption has allowed for most gay couples who want to adopt young children and give them a good quality of life, which they would have if they lived with their biological parents or a heterosexual couple, to do so. One positive view of gay adoption is that it gives the gay couple the chance to start their own family and give a child in care a new start to life in a lovingRead MoreShould Same Sex Couples Be Allowed to Adopt?954 Words   |  4 Pages2/8/13 Should Same-Sex Couples Be Allowed To Adopt? As time progresses societies view on certain subjects has become more lenient. One thing that still can cause an uproar seems to be what women decide to do with their children once they become pregnant, whether it be abortion or adoption. Even more controversial on the latter subject seems to be who can and cannot adopt children who are being put up for adoption. This leads to the topic of the argument, should same sex couples be allowed to adoptRead MoreGay Adoption Should Be Legal1355 Words   |  6 Pagesbut now that same sex-couples want to adopt children adoption has becomes very brutal. Same sex-couples are having trouble to get their marriage right now states are banning adoption rights. Although gay adoption could negatively impact the child s life, gay adoption should be allowed and enforced in every states in the U.S. Gay adoptions have been around for a very long time, but throughout time, many states and cities have passed laws allowing adoption to same sex-couples and have banned the rightRead MoreThe Debate On Marriage And Parenting Rights For Gay And1673 Words   |  7 PagesThe debate on marriage and parenting rights for gay and lesbian individuals has been one of the most hotly contested social issues in recent history. While many arguments are cited to prevent gay couples from enjoying equality, these arguments ultimately condense to concerns rooted in homophobia. Opponents of the LGBT community contend that same sex parenting contradicts the natural order of the world, subjects children to unnecessary societal stigma, and that the state has a right to favor heterosexualRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography Essay1443 Words   |  6 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Stone, A.. Both sides on gay adoption cite concern for children. Usa today. Gannett Co. Inc., 2006. Web. 18 Apr 2012 The article is about a couple who is gay having to move in order for both gay parents to get custody of the adopted child. It talks about the statistics of foster care and the number of kids being adopted right now. The numbers are very low and even for gays, its extremely low. It also states that gays are some good candidates for adoption but not beingRead MoreEssay on Gay Adoption 1060 Words   |  5 Pagesmany of those children could be adopted if more lesbian and gay couples were able to adopt. According to lifelong adoption agencies more and more gay and lesbian couples are becoming parents through artificial insemination, a surrogate, or LGBT adoption. It’s hard for same sex couples to adopt because adoption agencies that have religious beliefs against same sex couples reject them, or a state law prohibits same sex parents. Same sex couples face much opposition from a large number of people even thoughRead MoreThe Rights Of The Gay Rights890 Words   |  4 Pagessubsta ntial battle waged by this generation is the one for LGBT rights. Great strides have been made for the gay community over the past several years, culminating with the Supreme Court ruling to recognize gay marriages as legal in all fifty states. However, the fight for homosexual equality is far from over. Despite having gained the right to marry-which was seen by many as the main focus of the gay rights movement- many people are still discriminated against in a variety of arenas every day because ofRead MoreBenefits Of Same Sex Marriage1687 Words   |  7 PagesBenefit of homosexual Marriage in the U.S.A How do we look at the gay marriage? Did they have freedom in the U.S? What are their rights? In 1958, the supreme court of the United States said they can’t support gay marriage. Through this journey from that time until now, American change a lot of rules for the gay marriage as a legal protection against discrimination, they can marry in at least seventeen states and adopt children (Walter Frank 1).In additional they can get married at most in 36 states(StewartRead MoreSame Sex Parenting is Just as Effective as Straight Parenting997 Words   |  4 Pagesadoption. Then there is a same sex couple wishing to be able to adopt a child so their family can be complete, but sadly the same sex couple can’t adopt the child because of anti-gay groups that frown upon it. Think about it this way, would you rather have a sad and lonely child stuck in an adoption center, or a happy child with loving same sex parents that love him and keep him safe? Gay parents are no less of a goo d parent because of their sexuality. Gay parents are just like any other parentRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Legal892 Words   |  4 Pagesbe finally laid to rest. The first state to legalize same-sex marriage was Massachusetts in 2004. There was not a last state to legalize gay marriage. The supreme court realized how many states were now legalizing it, so they just had all of the states left legalize it as well. ProCon.org supplies information that â€Å"Twenty-six states were forced to legalize gay marriage because it was the court s decision, eight by state legislators, three by popular vote, twelve by state law, and one by constitutional

Wolf Creek Analysis Free Essays

Greg McLean and released in February 2014, is a film which everyone should see because of the clever way stereotypes are challenged, Australian values are shown, and cinematography shows the natural beauty of outback Australia. Wolf Creek 2†³ Is about a couple of foreign travelers backpacking around Australia who are disturbingly interrupted by an outback serial killer who then turns on a traveler attempting to save them. Behind the horror, Australian values are made clear, stereotypes of Australian culture are challenged and the natural beauty of Australia is shown to the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolf Creek Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Australian value of home being an open door and welcome to all Is shown In â€Å"Wolf Creek 2†. This is evident when the injured and dehydrated victim, Paul, collapses on the doorstep of a secluded country house. Upon waking up, he finds himself in a bed, with his clothes washed and folded neatly beside him. Confused and delusional, Paul is greeted by an old couple who then proceed to serve him a home cooked meal. â€Å"l made it special, for you† was a statement made by the elderly lady as she served Paul the food – even though he was a total stranger, This Is significant because she took him In like she would her own some This series of events encourages viewers to believe the fact that Australians believe a home is a place of welcoming and that anyone in need can feel comfortable. Wolf Creek 2†³ challenges the stereotypical belief that Australia is meant to be a friendly country which backpackers feel safe In. This film displays backpacking In two ways, contrasting the stereotype. For example, the couple Is shown enjoying their experience, being picked up by numerous people and engaging In friendly conversation with them. This is the stereotypical belief being displayed. Although, the people refuses an offer from serial killer Mica Taylor for a ride – which consequently results in them being victims of a vicious attack. This scene portrays Australia to be an unsafe environment for backpackers – completely opposite to the foreigner’s beliefs. The Inclusion of this Idea In the film forces viewers to question the conventional Idea behind the culture of backpacking In Australia. Phenomenal cinematography exhibits the stunning nature that is of outback Australia. Numerous wide shots were used of the mountains, grassed areas and wolf reek itself. This was done to show the viewer the full scale natural aspects of Australia. Birds-eye shots were taken of the long, endless, deserted highways to show the distance that the backpackers were traveling as well as the Isolation of the area. The grass – assisting in creating the Australian outback feel. The audience is challenged to consider whether the beautiful aspects of the Australian outback are masking the horrors happening in the very same place. â€Å"Wolf Creek 2† is a film which challenges the stereotypical Australian culture and aloes as well as displays the amazing nature of the Australian landscape. It supports the value of a home with an open door – a value which many viewers can identify with. Backpacking stereotypes are challenged by the series of murders; contrasting with the belief Australia is a friendly place for this leisurely activity. Finally, cinematography captures the spectacular landscape of outback Australia. Following the Journey of the backpackers takes the viewers on a Journey of understanding, shock and realization – making this movie a significant Australian film. How to cite Wolf Creek Analysis, Papers

Logistics and Supply Chain Management Existing Logistics

Question: Describe about the Logistics and Supply Chain Management for Existing Logistics. Answer: Introduction Australia's logistic industry chain is one of those sectors which are suffering for the regimes remote location and relatively isolated position from the other domains of the world. Frequent issues in the logistic department of Australia cover various import and export challenges associated with supply chain management of both international and domestic logistic (Fahimnia et al. 2013). Issues in the logistic industry act as a curse as most of the business industries in Australia depend upon industries like logistics and transportation to some extent to hold cost-competitive and profitable business operations (Prajogo and Sohal 2013). The concerned report aims to prepare an in-depth analysis of the current issues in the network of logistics in Australia. Additionally, it attempts to produce some useful mitigation strategies to overcome the problems. To identify the current frequent problems and before determining soluble method, the assignment initially starts with having a concise understanding of the background of the selected organization of Australia Qube Logistics. The report after that follows to judge the stability of the existing logistics management strategies of the company. Background of Qube Logistics Foundation history Qube Logistics is one of the leading enterprises of the logistics industry in Australia which operates stevedoring facilities at 29 ports of Australia and specifically promotes freight services in between local domains of New South Wales, Melbourne, Victoria, and Adelaide. Foundation of the company is considered to be the eventual outcome of the acquisition of the stevedoring, automotive and both landside and marine logistics and transport operations by the fund's management of Kaplan (Qube.com.au 2016). Kaplan group obtained this extensive range of business operations from the DP world and only kept DP world as a minor shareholder of the newly launched business of PO in both stevedoring and transport. However, later this joint venture of PO Company of navigation under the Kaplan group renamed as POAGS with 25% financial assistance from the DP world. Fortunate enough that after the process of rebranding, the POAGS found a large number of shareholders ranging from big head internation al investors to shipping companies with the facility of investment scheme of ASX worth of 200 million Australian dollars (Qube.com.au 2016). It has been in the year 2011, the ultimate formation of the logistic and infrastructure Association of Kaplan which is the new Qube Logistics settled after having corporatization of existing assets of logistics. Aim of Qube Qube Logistics aims to keep the commitment of giving a complete solution for the commercial property problems. In this context, it is significant to bear in mind that Qube Logistics has earned the capacity to ensure fruitful outcome for both the internal and external stakeholders as they possess an active assistance of the division of strategic assets. Additionally, the company maintains a brief knowledge about the demand and condition of the domestic market and business sectors. Qube, therefore, paves their way of achievement with the help of strategic asset projects which have been prompted by the increasing amount of investment in the joint business venture. Assistance of vital resources of Qube The division of strategic assets has been formed keeping in mind about the growing trend of capital and property investment and especially considering the increasing volume of business ventures of Qube. The division's four major assets include Minto properties, the joint venture of Quattro, TQ and the logistic part of Moorebank. Minto properties are a 29.6-hectare industrial property that is designed in the location of the freight rail connection having potential transport infrastructure as well as favorable access to some major highways like Hume Highway (Qube.com.au 2016). The joint venture of Quattro has been established with the cumulated association of top grain exporters such as Cargill Australia, Emerald Grain and the noble group of Hong Kong. The consequence of this Quattro joint venture seems to provide benefits of cost saving supply chain management. It is a disagreeable fact that the venture only focuses on the handling depot of port Kembla which can turn negative for the profitable growth of the company as the enterprise should have given importance to Port Stephens and Port Botany. The essentiality of the facilities of fuel storage in Australia has made Qube concerned to ingrain a joint venture between TonenGeneral and the holding department of Qube group. The decision to choose TonenGeneral is that the company has been considered to be the second largest oil refiner of Japan who is also renowned for grabbing the place of the greatest exporter of oil products to Australia. This particular asset strategy is supposedly designed to give fuel storage availability to Port Kembla near the port of New South Wales. Therefore, again it proves the companys sole concern upon Port Kembla, while ports like Ulladulla harbor, port hunter are also in need of fuel storage availability. Probably, the most valuable strategic asset of Quba is the inauguration of the largest and dominating intermodal zone of freight- the Moorebank Park of logistics worth of 243 hectares. It should be considered that this particular strategic asset have most fruitful possibilities for Qube as the development of the intermodal zone has been proposed to have the capacity to transport near about 1.05 million worth of import-export goods (Qube.com.au 2016). Adopted technologies Most importantly, the enterprise still has not found its competitor and the management believes that the credit must rely upon the cutting-edge style of technology taken by the Qube association. As per Lee and Wu (2014), the success of a logistic and infrastructure based enterprises depends on upon the strength of their mechanical system which is an essential aspect of logistic and infrastructure industry. Qube Logistics include four major technical aspects which are visibility system for warehouse and department of transport, real time, online and global tracking and tracing system and Geofence which is advanced GPS based. Qubes logistic management related to a current issue Before understanding the strategic ways Qube utilize to manage supply chain management issues in Australia, it is necessary to identify the pivotal problems which are being most frequent in Australia and specifically in the New South Wales (NSW). Chief dilemmas in the logistic industry of NSW According to Guimarans, Harabor and Van Hentenryck (2015), difficulties in the logistic industry of Australia and specifically NSW includes several risks related to inefficient regulation policies, terrible urban congestion, constraints pertaining investment and planning. Most significantly, the ageing workforce and ambiguous investment strategies for infrastructures should not be neglected in this context. It is essential to consider that the national account of Australia has ignored a good amount of freight transport which is supposed to be conducted by the individual enterprise on their individual account (Gilmour 2013). Surprisingly there has been little account about these cargo transports as these have been long enlisted in the name of primary industries under the alleged companies for a national account. As argued by Ghaderi, Cahoon and Nguyen (2016), the incoherent definition of ancillary transport which is the unaccounted freight transport business is supposed to be one of the main reasons for which the national account misses the chances for several logistic and supply chain activities. Unfortunately, due to the excessive practice of ancillary transport, there has been found the lack of opportunities to export and import beneficiary products for both the international and domestic customers. Recently, the rail freights are largely losing mode shares to the freights of the road on tiny hauls between cities like Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. It is fortunate to see that mitigation for the short haul road and rail services is being conducted with the help of infrastructure investments of supply chain and intermodal gates by companies like Qube (Fahimnia et al. 2015). It should not ignored that the industry in general, is facing a challenge regarding those customers who are more risk-focused and is currently moving to those operators who have the blue chip containing multimodal facilities (Sutton 2013). It is not a ignorant fact that the traditional system of logistics and infrastructure services are suffering from the increasing demand of online shopping. Online shopping is proving daunting for the probable growth of the mortar retail systems. It is unfortunate to notice that, in NSW recently the capacity of infrastructure is finding pressures due to the rising cost of industrial productivity (Coyle et al. 2016). Similarly, rapid inflation in the cost of fuel and constraints in passing fuel levies are also proving detrimental for the overall logistic department of Australia. At the same time, the logistic and supply chain department of NSW is encountering one of the most crucial perils which are the frequent changes in the regulatory landscapes with the amenabilities in the workload (Waters and Rinsler 2014). The most tenacious obstacles for the general freight transporters may be the current pressures they are facing due to the matter that freight handling for containers is grabbing the same expense required for long distance freight actions (Bichou, Bell and Evans 2013). Instead of all of these, the staple confrontation of being too reluctant to admit and take action for the impact of growing cost technical development should not be tolerated for too long. Qube's strategic approach to the current issues Considering above mentioned major obstacles to the positive growth of logistic departments and supply chain management, Qube Logistics has already taken concern with the help of the division of strategic assets. Being concerned about the transforming regulatory landscape, the company has planned to build an easy and accessible rail connection to the Southern freight line of Sydney which will cumulate with the park of Moorbank logistics. On the other hand, considering the increasing rate of transport cost, Qube has designed and developed the Minto properties and has already submitted the application of development for the approval of state planning. The project seems prospective as its strategic location will give favorable accessibility to some of the major highways of NSW (Qube.com.au 2016). However, it is assuring to see that the company is concerned about the rising customer demand of the local regime of New South Wales, for which Qube has established a new handling depot near Port Kembla of NSW. Significant enough, with the help of this strategic asset Qube possesses the hope of keeping a cost saving supply chain management. It is however quite unsatisfactory as unlike Minto properties, the new cost saving approach of Qube seems an act of partiality as there are many more other ports which needs help of joint venture like Quattro. Qubes recently proposed consortium for providing complete payment to the dividends which are franked permitted (Carter 2016). Considering the strategic assets of Qube, the ground becomes clear that the company prefers to follow the model of logistic regression. As opined by Allison (2012), the regression model is the concept through which an enterprise can conduct a flawless risk assessment. The regression model is used for predicting any pa rticular circumstance. Qube's strategic assets are the possible results of Qubes ongoing concern about the customer demand for the local place of NSW and less accessibility to some of the most important highways of Australia, which they have earned following the regression model. Most recently, Qube has involved itself in the battle with Canadian Brookfield to take over the control of the Asciano group of Australia which is supposed to be one of the largest freight operators of rail chain in the Pacific National (ABC News 2016). With strategic projects like Moorebank intermodal, fortunately, the enterprise has won the battle as the board of directors of Asciano has suggested their stakeholders to grant Qube's superior offer. Recommendations to manage issues Considering the present challenges in the logistic industry of Australia and specifically of NSW, it is significant to suggest that leading and aspiring companies like Qube should procure the initiative approaches taken by the NSW government. NSW Premier proposed the statement of NSW government on Innovation, with the help of SAHA International to enhance the economic growth of Australia in general and for the development of the freight industry in particular. It will bring more fortune for Qube if the company will involve itself more strongly with this Innovation scheme as the NSW governments main objective behind launching this scheme regarding logistics is to strengthen the innovative thinking in change management, innovative entrepreneurship and leadership to gain sustainable work practices. Less attention has been paid to resolve issues among shareholders, bond holders and managers of companies of logistic industry which has affected the workplace practices. As opined by Zu and Kaynak (2012), the concept of Agency Theory is known for alleviating conflicts between management and shareholders. The theory chiefly focuses on to align individual goals of industry principles and therefore to make a reconciliation between the agents of risk and principles. It would help if Qube followed the action model of Agency theory though which they can appropriate choose potential agents and shareholders in future. Nonetheless, by the national objective of NSW which to make the tasks of freights by the end of 2031 to ensure the maximum financial growth of NSW, Qube should participate strongly to heighten the network efficiency. Instead of TonenGeneral, Qube needs to collaborate with some of the major oil refineries in South East Asia to provide storage facilities to other major ports like Port Kembla. It is astonishing to see that the enterprises most of the strategic assets are more oriented with port Kembla, while there are several other ports which possess possibilities to prove beneficiary for NSW. Qube needs to give importance to ports like port Hunter, Botany, Jackson and should give effort to provide fuel storage or at least warehouse facilities to these ones. Conclusion The above report outlines that there may be a handful of issues and challenges frequently met by logistics companies like Qube however; the government of NSW has not shown any ignorance in this matter. The Innovation scheme of NSW government with the help of SAHA International is probably the most potential initiative taken by the government to enhance economic growth through developing the logistic industry. Nevertheless, it can be concluded from the assignment that instead of having four major strategic assets, Qube should strengthen their relationship with NSW government and take active participation in the Innovation project. References ABC News. (2016).Extended interview with Qube's Managing Director Maurice James. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-04/extended-interview-with-qube's-managing-director/7142046 [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Allison, P.D., 2012.Logistic regression using SAS: Theory and application. SAS Institute. Bichou, K., Bell, M. and Evans, A., 2013.Risk management in port operations, logistics and supply chain security. CRC Press. Carter, M. (2016).Qube gains upper hand in Asciano takeover battle. [online] Railjournal.com. Available at: https://www.railjournal.com/index.php/australia-nz/qube-gains-upper-hand-in-asciano-takeover-battle.html [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Coyle, J.J., Langley, C.J., Novack, R.A. and Gibson, B., 2016.Supply chain management: a logistics perspective. Nelson Education. Fahimnia, B., Bell, M., Hensher, D. and Sarkis, J. eds., 2015.Green logistics and transportation: A sustainable supply chain perspective(Vol. 4). Springer. Fahimnia, B., Reisi, M., Paksoy, T. and zceylan, E., 2013. The implications of carbon pricing in Australia: An industrial logistics planning case study.Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment,18, pp.78-85. Ghaderi, H., Cahoon, S. and Nguyen, H.O., 2016. The role of rail in the Australian port-based container market: challenges and opportunities.Australian Journal of Maritime Ocean Affairs, pp.1-21. Gilmour, P., 2013. Benchmarking supply chain operations.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Guimarans, D., Harabor, D. and Van Hentenryck, P., 2015. Simulation and Analysis of Container Freight Train Operations at Port Botany.arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.03476. Lee, K.H. and Wu, Y., 2014. Integrating sustainability performance measurement into logistics and supply networks: A multi-methodological approach.The British Accounting Review,46(4), pp.361-378. Prajogo, D. and Sohal, A., 2013. Supply chain professionals: A study of competencies, use of technologies, and future challenges.International Journal of Operations Production Management,33(11/12), pp.1532-1554. Qube.com.au. (2016).Qube | About Qube. [online] Available at: https://www.qube.com.au/about [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Qube.com.au. (2016).Qube | Strategic Assets |Moorebank Logistics Park. [online] Available at: https://www.qube.com.au/strategic-assets [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. Sutton, D., 2013. The role of the logistics manager/director.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Waters, D. and Rinsler, S., 2014.Global logistics: New directions in supply chain management. Kogan Page Publishers. Zu, X. and Kaynak, H., 2012. An agency theory perspective on supply chain quality management.International Journal of Operations Production Management,32(4), pp.423-446.